Lucas (1 in 3): the aces are removed and act as the foundations before 3 rows of thirteen cards each are dealt.Limited (1 in 5): three rows of twelve cards each are dealt.Josephine: cards of the same suit built down can be moved as a unit.For example, any 5 can be placed over the 6 ♥ except the 5 ♥. Cards are packed down on the tableau by any suit other than their own. Indian (1 in 2): three rows of ten cards each are dealt, the first face down.The distinguishing feature is being able to worry back cards, singly, from the foundations to the tableau. Cards are packed down in alternating colour and, in the modern version, sequences may be transferred between tableau columns. Emperor: the first three rows of ten cards are dealt face down, the fourth face up.Tableau cards may only be moved to a higher row. Colonel: three rows of 12 cards each are dealt.Deauville: The first three rows are dealt face down and cards are packed in alternating colour.ĭouble-pack variants include the following games together with their odds of winning and key differences from Napoleon at St Helena: Packing is in alternating colours and sequences may be moved between depots. Three rows are dealt, the first two face down, the third face up. Westcliff (American variant): one pack of cards is used.Martha: only one pack is used and the Aces are extracted to the foundations before four rows of twelve cards are dealt, the first and third face down, the second and fourth face up.Six rows of eight cards each are dealt and four cards to a seventh row overlapping the third to sixth cards. Single-pack variants include the following games together with their key differences from Napoleon at St Helena: Others include: allowing use of any card from the waste, dealing some of the tableau cards face down, and changing the number of tableau piles and/or the number of cards in each tableau. Common variations are: dealing the aces to the foundations at the start of the game, building the tableau down by alternating colour rather than by suit, and allowing cards built down on top of a tableau to be moved, as a sequence, together. Napoleon at St Helena forms the basis for several variant games, most of which make it easier to win. The object of the game is to move all the cards to the foundations to form families built up from ace to king.The player may only go through the stock once.The player may use the top card from the wastepile.The player may take one card at a time from the stock and play to the tableau, the foundations, or to the wastepile.The foundations are built up by suit, from ace to king.The player may place any one card in an empty tableau space. The player may only move the top card from any tableau column.Leave space for eight foundations above the tableau.Deal four rows of ten cards, face up and overlapping to form a tableau of ten columns with all cards visible.The rules of Napoleon at St Helena are follows: Arnold (2011) revives the name Le Cadran 'to honour a different strand of history.' Rules under the name of Napoleon at St Helena'.

The game continues to feature in compilations of patiences and solitaires to the present day, 'usually. In 1939, the alternative name of Roosevelt at San Juan is first recorded by Coops. In the 1920s, American sources started recording Big Forty and Forty Thieves as alternative names, along with the early variant forms known as Twenty-Four Card Tableau, Twenty-Eight Card Tableau, Thirty-Two Card Tableau and Thirty-Six Card Tableau. Lady Adelaide Cadogan (1874) calls it Le Cadran which reinforces a possible French origin. The game appears frequently in patience collections of the late 19th century. Helena' is recorded as early as 1870 by Annie Henshaw who describes it as a 'most excellent game which has the added charm of having been a favorite with Napoleon at St. The game is the progenitor of a large family of similar games, mostly with variations designed to make it easier to get out.Īlternative names include Le Cadran ('The Dial') and, in the US, Forty Thieves, Big Forty and Roosevelt at San Juan. The winning chances have been estimated as 1 in 10 games, with success typically dependent on the player's ability to clear one or more columns. Along with its variants, it is one of the most popular two-deck patiences or solitaires. The Emperor Napoleon often played patience during his final exile to the island of St Helena, and this is said to be the version he probably played. It is quite difficult to win, and luck-of-the-draw is a significant factor. Napoleon at St Helena is a 2-deck patience or solitaire card game for one player. For the 1929 film, see Napoleon at Saint Helena. This article is about the single-player card game.

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